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Special Health Issues: Early Intervention

What is Early Intervention?

Girl jumpingThe Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) includes a national agenda to increase and improve services for young children with special needs, birth to 3 years of age. Two major portions of IDEA are particularly critical to the expansion and improvement of services to infants and toddlers, Part C Early Intervention and Part B, Section 619 Preschool.

In the District of Columbia, the Division of Special Education's (DSE) DC Early Intervention Program (DC EIP) within the Office of the State Superintendent of Education (OSSE) is called the Strong Start campaign.

The Strong Start campaign is intended to get parents thinking about the possibility that their child may be showing signs of a disability, and that provides a single point of entry for these parents to learn about their options.

What Services are Provided?

Early intervention services are provided based on the developmental needs of the child, the concerns and priorities of the family, and the resources available to them. Services are provided within the context of the child and family’s daily activities and routines. Early intervention services include:

  • Assistive technology, including devices or services
  • Audiology or hearing services
  • Family training, counseling and home visits
  • Health services necessary for a child to benefit from other early intervention services
  • Medical services for diagnosis and evaluation
  • Nursing services
  • Nutrition services
  • Occupational therapy
  • Physical therapy
  • Psychological services
  • Service coordination (case management)
  • Social work services
  • Special instruction
  • Speech and language services
  • Vision service

Children covered under Medicaid can also qualify for Early Intervention and Early Head Start services.

Children can be referred for free eligibility evaluation that looks at all five areas of their development (cognitive, motor, adaptive, communication, and social and emotional). If the child meets eligibility requirements, a plan is made with the family and services determined.

How Do I refer?

Anyone can refer a child for an early intervention evaluation. There are several ways to do this:

Central Directory of Early Intervention Resources

The DC EIP Central Directory provides information about:

  • Public and private early intervention services, resources, and experts available in the District
  • Research and demonstration projects being conducted in the District
  • Professional and other groups that provide assistance to Part C eligible children and their families

Specifically, it addresses:

  • What are Early Intervention services?
  • Who is eligible?
  • Where are services provided?
  • Who pays for services?
  • Evaluation to determine eligibility
  • Who can refer a child to DC EIP?
  • What happens when a child is referred?
  • What should I do to make a referral?
  • DC Government resources
  • Therapeutic services
  • Advocacy resources
  • National organizations and agencies
  • Research and demonstration projects
  • MCOs
  • Community programs
  • Center-based programs
  • Education resources
  • Additional resources

What Happens in Preschool?

As a child approaches 3, services transition to interconnected community and education programs. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Part B, Section 619, provides special education and related services for preschoolers with disabilities, through DC's Early Stages Program (3-5 years) and community Head Start programs.

What Happens After Preschool?

As children approach school-age, decisions are made regarding the need for special education and related services and educational placement. Schools are obligated to find the least restrictive environment to education children with special need. Information about the special education process, including determining if a child needs special education, inclusion, and full service schools can be found through the DC Public Schools' Department of Special Education.

Other Early Intervention Resources

This concludes the Special Health Issues section.

Move on to the next section, Substance Use and Abuse.

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